The Natural History Of Social Problems - 773 Words

In America, there exists issues that affect the society at large, such as unemployment, abortion, racism, gun control, and even terrorism. These social problems are viewed by a part of society as social conditions or pattern of behaviors that are harmful to members of society and in need of a solution. Many people in America lack the sociological imagination, as the media play a big role in shaping their perspectives on certain matters whereby the media uses narrow casting to only show one perspective. It is therefore important to note that through the sociological perspective, one is able to view how broader social forces influence one’s life. Throughout history, it has been noted that social problems are inevitable. This means that, as the society changes so do social problems and vice versa. In studying the natural history of social problems, it is important to note that social problems pass through: pressures for change, crafting an official response, reacting to the offic ial response and pursuit of alternative strategies which are overlapping stages. In the history of America, there have been various social issues that have come about into existence. Some of the issues have been supported by radical movements while some of the social problems have failed in their potential due to lack of support. In the cycle of a social problem, the initial step – pressures for change, is brought about by the realization of the problem itself. Most people are made aware of socialShow MoreRelatedScience Throughout the Ages912 Words   |  4 Pagesterms. A turning point in before the modern era was the rise of natural philosophy in the Greek world. Before modern times science was known for a type of knowledge rather than the study and pursuit of knowledge. Philosophy is described as the communication between people through each type of knowledge or in other words the â€Å"natural way†. This was the knowledge of the working of natural things which was studied long before recorded history. Early philosophical studies showed a success ful attempt by SocratesRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Major Challenge That Humans Face Today1199 Words   |  5 PagesIssues such as dependence of natural resources, degradation of the environment, poverty, and unemployment, are root causes of overpopulation. Though opponents of this theory, such as Erle C. Ellis uses archeological records, and the history of human evolution to argue against overpopulation. Robert Walker, on the other hand, disagrees. He uses scientific explanation to anticipate that all living beings on earth will are under torment as they die off due to: erosion of natural resources, mainly food, andRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Society1297 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction When we look at our history, power has always been determined by those who are able to take it through physical strength. However, technology has changed that idea. It is those that have knowledge of technology that are now able to gain power. There has been a lot of debate about what technology is really doing to our society, but with power there is always responsibility. Technology is not to blame, but the ethics of those with power. Power and Control History and the evolution of humanRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Foremost Challenge That Humans Face Today1431 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as dependence on natural resources, degradation of the environment, poverty, and unemployment, are root issues caused by overpopulation. Though opponents of this theory, such as Erle C. Ellis, use archaeological records and the history of human evolution to argue against overpopulation. Robert Walker, on the other hand, disagrees. He uses scientific explanation to anticipate that all living beings on earth are under torment as they die off due to erosion of fundamental natural resources such asRead MoreUnderstanding And Appreciation Of Wolf s Ontological Premises930 Words   |  4 PagesIn the following reflective response, I shall try to explain few of Wolf’s central arguments in Europe and the People without History (1981). In doing so, I shall attempt to demonstrate my understanding and appreciation of Wolf’s ontological premises. T he central assertion of Wolf resonates with what C. W. Mills argues in The Sociological Imagination (1959). Mills stresses the importance of crafting a sociological imagination which would enable sociologists (and other academic professionals relatedRead MoreConservatism And Political Liberalism701 Words   |  3 Pagesdedicated to the individual: individual inalienable rights, tolerance for varied beliefs, personal freedom, capability of reason and self-governance, and justice. In man’s ‘natural state’, one is subject to brutish conditions; society provides the protection of life and property, and therefore provides room to enjoy one’s natural freedoms. Joining a society is â€Å"for the mutual preservation of †¦ lives, liberties and estates, which I call by the general name, property† (1) as John Locke states. AdditionallyRead MoreFrench Revolution1740 Words   |  7 PagesTHE FRENCH REVOLUTION The French Revolution, which erupted in 1789 marked a turning point inthe history of human struggle for freedom and equality. It put an end tothe age of feudalism and ushered in a new order of society. An outline of  this revolution will explain to you the kind of turmoil that occurred inEurope. This revolution brought about far reaching changes in not onlyFrench society but in societies throughout Europe. Even countries in othercontinents such as, India, were influencedRead MorePure Theory of Law1618 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinguishes the domain of law from what earlier philosophers have construed in the form of natural and ideal one. In marking off the law from nature, the Pure Theory of Law seeks the boundary between the natural and the idea1.12 Legal science belongs not to the natural sciences, but to the human sciences. One can argue over whether the opposition between the natural and the ideal coincides with the opposition between natural reality and value, between is and ought, between causal law and norm, or whetherRead MoreBusiness And Management As A Social Science1554 Words   |  7 PagesManagement as a Social Science Management School University of Liverpool Yaman Suryaman Introduction Philosophy and science are two words which interrelated subtantially as well as historically because philoshopy has a role in the existence of knowledge and development of knowledge also strengthen the existence of philoshopy. Science is divided to be two main subjects, natural science and social science. In this essay, I would like to explore the social science. This exploration of social science wouldRead MoreHistory And Geography Of Mexico851 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues, meanings, and symbols that are passed on from one generation to the next and are shared to varying degrees by interacting members of a community, (â€Å"Understanding Intercultural Communication,† Chung, Ting-Toomey, 16). And because of this history and geography play an important role in determining why we do, feel, and believe the things we do, and because of this, it impacts the culture that is developed overtime. And when we look at Mexico and the culture it holds, we see this to be true

William Shakespeare s Hamlet - The Characterization Of...

Today women all across the globe suffer at the hands of their male counterparts. Faced with discrimination, prejudice, and hate, they are forced into a life of unquestioning obedience and servitude. Unfortunately this concept is not of new occurrence. In fact, it has been the case for hundreds of years. This idea is well demonstrated in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, through the characterization of young Ophelia. As Shakespeare tells the dramatic story of Hamlet’s incestuous and corrupt family, Ophelia seems to often be cast aside and forgotten. She is subjected to much emotional abuse as she undergoes sexualization, harassment and manipulation at the hands not only her love Hamlet, but from her own father, Polonius. It is these injustices and her dependence on the men to run her life, that ultimately lead to her untimely death. As a woman in a society dominated by men, Ophelia has few choices in life. While unmarried she has to obey her father, and once married she will have to obey her husband. Knowing this, it is clear from the text that Ophelia is a proper woman for her time. She obediently does as her father tells her without complaint. Even if she does not want to, when her father gives the order, she obeys. This attitude of obedience is clear when she has a conversation about chastity with her father Polonius. Ophelia’s reply to her father telling her that she cannot speak to Hamlet anymore is direct. Without a second thought she replies, â€Å"I shall obey, my lord†Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing And Hamlet1503 Words   |  7 PagesCharacterization is a literary element that is portrayed as the definition of the character by means of their thoughts, well-being, actions, and interactions with the other set roles. William Shakespeare’s plays included dissimilar characters and different methods of characterization. The two plays that will be compared and contrasted are William Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing and Hamlet. As for the characters from each play, Beatrice, Benedict, Don John, Don Pedro, Claudio, and Hero willRead MoreHamlet Is A Theater Performance Of The Shakespeare Play1715 Words   |  7 PagesEssay 2 The play Hamlet is written by William Shakespeare whereby he uses a combination of poetry and prose. The film, Hamlet is a theater performance of the Shakespeare play. The play is written in blank verse offering an insight into the state of mind of the character as well as a reaction to the ongoing actions in the stage. The style is reserved for the nobles and informal situations like courts. Figurative language is used to express the actions and feelings of the characters have been evidencedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And Life3795 Words   |  16 PagesResearch Paper March 23, 2016 William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. Shakespeare was assumedly educated at the King?s New School in Stratford with an ?emphasis on the Latin classics, including memorization, writing, and acting classic Latin plays,? writes an article entitled Shakespeare?s Life, found on Foldger Shakespeare Library. He most likely attended until around age fifteen. In late 1582, Shakespeare at age 18 married Anne HathawayRead More Feminine Representation in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2628 Words   |  11 PagesRepresentation in Shakespeares Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: This essay employs Feminist Criticism, New Historicism, and Marxist Criticism, to analyze the portrayal of Queen Gertrude and Ophelia.    Because Shakespeares Hamlet centers on the internal struggle of the Prince of Denmark, the reader focuses primarily on his words and actions.   An often overlooked or under appreciated aspect of the play is the portrayal of the female characters, particularly Queen Gertrude and Ophelia.   There are two scenesRead More Sexuality and Aggression in Hamlet Essay1998 Words   |  8 PagesSexuality and Aggression in Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚           Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Man and Wife Is One Flesh: Hamlet and the Confrontation with the Maternal Body, Janet Adelman argues that the motivating force behind the plot action in Hamlet is the collapse of boundaries between relationships of individuals, sexes, and divisions of public (state) and private (love) life. The primary cause of the breakdown results from the bodily contamination spread through overt sexuality, specifically maternal sexuality. Janet AdelmanRead More Custom Essays: Imagination versus Realism in Hamlet2213 Words   |  9 PagesImagination versus Realism in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the Shakespearean tragic drama Hamlet basically an imaginative work or basically a realistic work? This essay seeks to answer this question and related questions, with the help of literary critics.    Harold Goddard’s essay, â€Å"Hamlet: His Own Falstaff,† highlights the battle between poetry and realism (history) in the play:    Hamlet, the conclusion is, is a failure because the materials Shakespeare inherited were too tough and intractableRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet And Ophelia Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesHamlet and Ophelia were both forced into situations they weren t in a position for due to the fact of instances. Given their royal and social role, they needed to care for distinct things most humans don t seem to be involved about- akin to who has the correct to rule and avenging a father s murder. In addition, they had been each younger. Ophelia had the fact that she was female as good. Hamlet s insanity is feigned, even as Ophelia s is real. Hamlet places on his antic disposition so he canRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet 2214 Words   |  9 PagesMadness within: Bipolar William Shakespeare had the uncanny ability to read people then put into words how individuals reacted with one another. His most known playwright is â€Å"Hamlet†. Hamlet leads the opening of the play with grandeur; but, when his father’s ghost of comes to visit him telling of Hamlet’s uncle Claudius killed him. Hamlet schemes a plan pursuing revenge. Hamlet demonstrates depression exceptionally, in the presence of his mother and Uncle Claudius. Shakespeare’s character likelyRead MoreRealism and Imagination Within Hamlet2678 Words   |  11 PagesRealism and Imagination within Hamlet No doubt, Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet is composed of both realistic and poetic or imaginative elements. Let us explore the presence of both with the play. According to the best of literary critics, realism is basically â€Å"representing human life and experience† (Abrams 260). In the essay â€Å"An Explication of the Player’s Speech,† Harry Levin explains how the playwright achieves an â€Å"imitation of life† in his play: Since the theater

Hoffman Discount Drugs, Inc Free Essays

Case 7-3 (2) The first alternative of giving Data Systems control of product with exchange for any product after year end implies that the revenue is not earned until the final product is determined after year end. In this situation, Excello cannot recognize its revenue until Data System is totally sure the final products that they are actually want to purchase. For example, this year, Data System bought 1000 fax machines, but next year Data System will change it to another 1000 ones and return the previous products at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Hoffman Discount Drugs, Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now Meaning to say, Excello still have control on it and same goes with Data System. According to FRS, revenue only can be recognize when and the value is determinable. The second alternatives of transfer ownership with guarantee that Excello would purchase equipment with ten year useful life as the sale implies that Excello would have to recognize a liability to Data System in the amount of the revenue. Meaning to say, first Excello needs to transfer the ownership to Data System for the revenue recognition and at the same time Excello needs to recognize the liability towards Data System. Again, if Excello does not recognize the liability to Data System, so it is an offense. The third alternative allows the return of the merchandise for full credit anytime after year end is conditional sale. Revenue should not be recognized until after the deadline for the full credit. Meaning to say, the value should be determinable in order to recognize it as revenue. If I am the chief financial officer, I would recommend to the Data Equipment System for the second alternatives. Of the three alternatives, the second alternatives has the revenue earned before year end and would be in accordance with GAAP as long as Excello also recognizes their liability to purchase a product from Data Systems. The first offer, it is not ethical if we record the revenue too soon because the earning process has not been completed and the conditional exchange still valid. We cannot record the revenue until the product would be exchange. For the third offer, as we know the revenue cannot recognized in the current year. Means that, the actual amount of revenue do not recorded. It is also unethical if we record the revenue since we know the deadline for the full credit is in the next year. We should strive with the virtue perspective such as honesty, objectivity and trustworthiness in recording the revenue. Honesty requires that the statements should be truthful and recognize revenue using generally accepted accounting principles. Objectivity requires that the company should approach its decision about the proper revenue recognition procedure with fair-mindedness and without partially to one set of stakeholders. Trustworthiness means that the accountants should not violate the investors’ faith that the statements are accurate and reliable. Other than that, to make a decision we should consider the greatest good for the greatest number of stakeholders. How to cite Hoffman Discount Drugs, Inc, Papers

Colonial Differences Essay Example For Students

Colonial Differences Essay The differences in development between the New England colonies and the Chesapeake or Middle colonies occurred for a many number of reasons. First, they were different people. They come from different places and had different ways of life. Not only did the two regions both have different governing systems, but they were also driven to the New World by different religions or incentives. Even their slight economic differences helped to shape the individuality of the two areas. Most could probably see that is was painfully obvious as to who the religious fanatics were. New Englands colonists seemed to have a more religious tone, than did that of the Middle or Southern regions. The Puritans, who had apparently come to America to escape ridicule and religious persecution, were taking up on that very idea, punishing all those whom did not share in their ideas. They were stiff, strict people and did not allow for much, but the main idea is that they were driven by a higher power, God. This made the Puritans successful Massachusettss colonists in that they were strong-willed and willing to make their government work. The type of government chosen by the Puritans worked well, a theocratic environment. A theocracy is defined as government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided. According the John Winthrop, who was to be their governor for some number of years, it seemed that their grand purpose in America was to build A City upon a hill, in which the eyes of all people were upon them. In other words, they thought their purpose in the New World was to construct the model city. Connecticut, one of the other New England colonies was basically like Massachusetts. Their only quarrel with the Bay colony was that it was not strict enough. Not all of the New England colonies were formed by the Puritans. The small state of Rhode Island manifested from the outcasts of the Puritans. Rhode Island was a haven for independent thinkers, for those such as Ann Hutchinson who was banished from he Bay colony. Later on, the Quakers (Separatists), and Jews began to appear in the colony. In the Middle colonies, things were a bit different. Some of the religious tone was still there, however it didnt really affect the governing of the colonies. The Chesapeake colonies were established as proprietary colonies, which is basically halfway between a royal province and a self-governing colony. Control of the colony went to a man or group of men appointed by the king. These people then appointed the governor, set up law courts, and collected land tax from the settlers. The Middle colonies were still definitely interested in religious freedom. Maryland, in fact, was a colony founded for Catholics. The Quakers, who were a special kind of Puritan, founded the state of Pennsylvania. They believed in equality very strongly and were not welcome in England. The economic standings of these two regions also helped develop some of the differences, which made them evolve into two separate societies. Take it as no surprise that the Middle colonies had the best-balanced economy due to the wide variety of products they could offer. Not only could they manage the fishing and lumber, etc. of the New England colonies, but because they could go farther inland, they were also able to do some of the agricultural work that the colonies farther South were getting into. They were also able to put the new, African slaves to more use. Cheap labor was better than costly labor. Even the shear immigration numbers made a difference in the development of the two regions. For example, the densely populated New England consisted mainly of families including the husbands, wives, and children, while the Middle colonies, which were nonetheless still densely populated, consisted of a majority of men, with a small percentage of unmarried women who were to eventually become the wives of the men. .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 , .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 .postImageUrl , .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 , .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7:hover , .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7:visited , .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7:active { border:0!important; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7:active , .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7 .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2e0b5e46eba9c184ae61af16d5c35bb7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alcohol Abuse in American Youth EssayPerhaps there is something to be said for the Indian relations that existed for these colonies. Needless to say, the Puritans did not go well at all with their heathen neighbors. New England killed off all but one fourth of the major Indian population in the area. The Middle colonies had some of the same problems, however the Quakers had exceptionally good standings with the Natives. Since they seen them as equals, they too, were treated as equals. So, there really were many reasons that the New Englanders and Chesapeake colonists developed into two distinct societies. Differences in religion, along with differences in preferences of government caused quite a bit of divergence. Even the economy, which was actually shaped by geography of the land, made a difference. However most of all, the difference was that they were difference types of people, and the people are the ones who make the community.

Survival Of The Fittest Essays (1220 words) - Charles Darwin

Survival Of The Fittest Charles Darwin felt strongly that observations made on large scale explorations such as his voyage on the Beagle showed conclusively that many clearly different organisms, animals as well as plants, were related to one another buy some unknown law. In other words Darwin was trying to prove that evolution existed. However Darwin does outline how a purely natural process of selection could produce similar effects, and thus explain the development of new species without reference to supernatural intervention. Taking that into consideration, I believe that by "Natural Selection" Darwin is trying to portray the struggle for existence and adaptation for survival among living things. With Natural Selection, Darwin used this term to explain the casual mechanism, which is responsible for the operation of his theory. He would go about and abandon his term in favor of the term Survival of the Fittest. Although he received criticism from so many of his peers for using Natural Selection, the term is quite important because virtually all biologists used it as the explanation for the mechanism. A main reason why Natural Selection was not very popular was because evolution requires enormously long periods of time, that the everyday experience of human beings provides them with no ability to interpret such histories. Looking at Darwin's position, Survival of the Fittest had a great meaning on the struggle for existence and Darwin's emphasis on abundance. First looking at Survival of the fittest, it's a phrase that describes the outcome of a competition where there is no possibility of predicting the outcome in advance because of the complexity of the conditions of the competition. It describes only the effect or outcome of an event by its very nature and regardless of the situation in which it is used. For example, if it were used to describe the outcome of an auto race such as the Nascar, using the term, It will be survival of the fittest" would indicate that the victor would be unknown until the end of the race. Similarly, if discussing the survival of a business in a collapsing economy or perhaps the survival of a race of people during fierce wars would indicate that nothing would be known about the outcome until the end of the particular event. Secondly Survival of the Fittest was used extensively because it was a better, more descriptive, explanation of the mechanism of which evolution occurred. The term contains an implicit assumption that survivors are an improved form of organism compared to those, which do not survive. Although intelligence is a key to improvements it is not however true for the field of biological reproduction. There is no human intelligence available to weed out the defectives and alter the process toward a more desirable end. As more individuals are produced that can possibly survive, there must in every case be a struggle for existence, either one individual with another of the same species, or with the individuals of distinct species, or with physical conditions of life. Keeping that in mind, I came upon one of the greatest mysteries of biological history, the vanishing of the dinosaurs. Here Survival of the Fittest plays a routine role because the fittest were some form of bacteria. Does that mean that the smaller the organism the more chances of it to survive? A look at the fossil record shows that 99.99% of the survivors were simpler organisms and the survivors that we know of today are not the 0.01% of survivors that are more fit from a complexity standpoint and thus prove the methodology of the theory. So what does the term fittest mean? It is speculated that the term "fittest" refers to an organism which has the best capability for acquiring and using all the available nutrients, all while developing or having a capability of fending off physical threats to its existence. However this concept would indeed be an explanation for a certain type of organism. For example, there are many coral deposits throughout the world, some which are immense in size such as the body coral, which is currently in Florida. Unfortunately marine coral is really not an organism, but rather a collection of organisms. Since there are really no such organisms in existence as described above, it must be concluded that this is not what the "fittest" is, in the sense of Darwin's meaning. The term "fittest" as contained in Survival of the Fittest can only be construed as the organism fitter than other members of organisms falling into a special group. This is consistent with

Socrates, Plato & Aristotle essays

Socrates, Plato & Aristotle essays Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were famous Greek philosophers who questioned the most basic and widely accepted ideas. Their philosophy was also based on virtue, or moral excellence. Socrates based philosophy on the idea that virtue is knowledge, Plato believed that virtue is a form of understanding and Aristotle believed that virtue is the basis of truths. Socrates believed that to do wrong is to damage one's soul, and that this is the worst thing one can do. Also it is always worse to do wrong than to be wronged, and that one must never return wrong for wrong. Socrates also maintained that virtue is knowledge, called the Socratic paradox, and therefore no one can do wrong in full knowledge. Socrates also insisted on being given a definition that universally covers its subject. This was of the greatest importance for the subsequent development of philosophy because it led to the concept of a universal or a general quality that may be present in many individually existing things. Also important is Socrates' implicit assumption that any person to whom he talks has within him or her, the resources to answer questions correctly. Socrates therefore believes that he can teach merely by asking the right questions. Plato teaches about the power of reason to reveal the intelligibility and order governing the changing world of appearance and to create a harmonious and happy life. He believed that virtue is a form of understanding and that the good life must consequently be grounded in knowledge. The philosopher is pictured as in love with the world as it truly is. His wish to see through the world of flux to the true principles of its being is thus basically an act of love. This love is not simply an attraction to the good but a creative force for the procreation of the good. Plato was impressed by the fact that language has the capacity both to articulate the intelligibility of the world and to belie the world's true being. He constantly a...

Reading assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Reading - Assignment Example Although sovereign citizens have a lot of strategies which up their modus operandi, an interesting facet of these strategies is the use of bogus lien, in order to propagate and perpetuate sovereign citizens’ Redemption Scheme. In this regard, this paper seeks to address question 3 which demands for a discussion on how Sovereign citizens use of the law to unlawfully seize real estate and their legal "justification." According to Morlin (2013), members of the sovereign citizen use bogus lien to wage war against the government, its citizens, law enforcers and state agencies in order to intimidate, frustrate or threaten (them). The act of intimidating, threatening and even frustrating the government, its agencies, and state operatives is part of the wider Redemption Scheme. As a side note, the wideness of the Redemption Scheme is underscored by the fact that Redemption Scheme may even include killing police officers and the use of the law, as shall be seen forthwith. When law enfo rcers and/ or government officials begin to take legal actions on sovereign citizens, the officials are perceived as not acting within the frameworks of the legal authority. Liens are thus used as a war strategy against the official(s). Sovereign citizens use copyright and trademark laws to perpetuate the use of bogus lien. ... The measure above begins with members of sovereign citizens assessing the perceived damages wrought by the offender’s act of contravening copyright laws against sovereign citizens. These members may then issue First Notice and Demand for Settlement to the offender through certified mail, as a way of claiming monetary damages. Deadlines for the offender’s response may be mentioned. As is provided for by the FBI (2011), upon the expiry of the of the response period, sovereign citizens will issue a Second Notice and Demand for Settlement, with a specified response period through the same certified mail. Upon the expiry of the period for the second response, sovereign citizens may issue the offender with a Notice of Default or a Notice of Dishonor via certified mail. Ten days will be allowed for payment of monetary damages, forthwith. Since the offender seldom responds to these demands because of the fraudulent nature of the litigant’s claims, sovereign citizens will use copies of the previously sent notices and certified mail receipts to place liens against the offender’s assets and property. Provided that the lienor has completed payment on all filing fees and completed all paperwork, courts of law will give the placement of the lien the green light. This measure will not make it whether a lien is fraudulent or legitimate. Apart from the use of the legal measures above, members of sovereign citizens may also use the Common Law Grand Jury (CLGJ) and the Common Law Court (CLC) to perpetuate and justify their agenda. This is a tenable alternative since both CLC and CLGJ also comprise members of sovereign citizens who may pass judgment against offending parties. Members of sovereign citizens may use True Bills to issue Common Law liens against their target. The

The impact of Work environment on employees satisfaction in 5 star Essay

The impact of Work environment on employees satisfaction in 5 star hotels in the USA - Essay Example There exists a significant level of formal knowledge on the subject of employee satisfaction in relation to the working environment. This chapter will briefly evaluate specific areas of knowledge that assess how the different aspects that form the working environment such as general environment (cultures and beliefs), hotel environment (leadership strategies and team work) and organizational behavior will impinge on the employee satisfaction. Also of interest are the consequent effects on productivity. 1.2Work environment. Employee’s attitude and behavior are influenced greatly by the quality of their work behavior are affected by the quality of their work environment Work environment can be broken down into general environment (cultures and beliefs), hotel environment (leadership strategies and team work) and personal impact. Jacques (1951) defined organizational culture as the customary or traditional ways of doing things which are shared to a greater or lesser extent by all members of an organization and which new members must learn and partially agree in order to be accepted in that organization. According to Cole and Thomson (1995) culture is described as a summation of values visions perspectives, standards and modes of behavior in any organization. Human resource strategies have a major influence on shaping the working environment. These strategies include those activities that are necessary in the recruitment of a workforce, providing employees with their payroll, drawing benefit plans, and administrating their work-life needs. The development and utilization of this resource is in a broad sense done in order to advance the organization’s objectives.

Macondo Blow Out Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Macondo Blow Out - Research Paper Example On April the 20th at 9:45 PM the Macondo oil rig experienced a blow out that resulted from a jet of seawater being ejected from the riser accompanied by a slushy of mud and oil followed by jets of methane. This mixture, especially the methane, ignited and caused a series of explosions that served to cripple the well and eventually took the lives of 11 personnel.1 At the time the explosion occurred, the Deepwater Horizon rig was drilling at a depth of around 5000 feet into what experts have described as the Macondo Prospect which is located approximately 40 miles from the coast of Louisiana (Rose et al 2). Although the ownership of Deepwater Horizon has remained unclear to a host of individuals, the fact of the matter was that BP did not operate the rig solely under its own direction. Rather, BP was the owner of the rig itself but only held a 65% share of ownership in relation to the Mississippi Canyon drilling expedition that resulted in the disaster of Deepwater Horizon. Additionally, the remaining 35% of interest in the rig was split between Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, aka Halliburton Corporation, (which held a 25% share) and MOEX Offshore 2007 (which held a 10% share). After the explosion took place, the Macondo Blow-Out began to gush crude oil into the ocean at a rate of around 2.6 million gallons per day. This figure is disputed by different groups that either wish to minimize or maximize the effect that the Deepwater Horizon disaster had on the surrounding environment; however, for this study, the author has chosen to employ the Coast Guard’s estimates as those which were most likely to not experience any form of particular bias with relation to the disaster. Most scholars agree that the rate of flow of the oil seepage continued virtually unabated until the well was capped on the 19th of September of the same year. Certain experts disagree with this analysis and claim that the well gushed more oil in the initial stages  whereas, near the time when the well was capped, most of the pressure had been relieved thus much less oil was flowing.  Ã‚  

A Biographical Analysis Of President Bill Clinton Politics Essay

A Biographical Analysis Of President Bill Clinton Politics Essay For this assignment we chose as a subject: A President and his reign. We chose President Bill Clinton. We chose this subject, because we both once heard about Bill Clinton in the news and we also have read about him, but we didnt know a lot about him. So we were interested in the life of Bill Clinton and why he became president and what he has done for the United States of America. Our main question is: What has Bill Clinton done for the United States to keep the American Dream alive, when he was the president. We try to make a conclusion by the help of some sub-questions. Questions like: What were the most important decisions of Bill Clinton? And what were the initiatives of Bill Clinton. Early life Bill Clinton was born at the Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, in the state of Arkansas. Bill Clintons full name is William Jefferson Blythe III. His Father was William Jefferson Blythe Jr..His father died in a automobile accident three months before the birth of Bill. His mother, Virginia Dell Cassidy, traveled to New Orleans in order to study nursing. She left Bill behind by his grandparents, Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, in Hope. The grandparents of bill had their own grocery store. Shortly after her return in 1950, the mother of Bill married Roger Clinton. Roger owned together with his brother an automobile dealership in Hot Springs, also in the state of Arkansas. So the family moved to Hot Springs. In Hot Springs, Bill went to St. Johns Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School and the Hot Springs High School. There were two influential moments in Bills life that were important for him to become a public figure. The first one was his visit to the White House where he met President John F. Kennedy. The other moment was that he had listened to the I Have a Dream speech of Martin Luther King. Both moments took place in 1963. College years Bill Clinton received a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service degree at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. in 1968. Also he won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College Oxford. In Oxford Bill studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics. He didnt received a degree there, because of switching programs and leaving early for Yale University. At Yale Law School, Bill obtained a Juris Doctor degree in 1973. At Yale he also met Hillary Rodham and they began dating. Bill and Hillary Married on October 11, 1975. And on February 27, 1980 Chelsea, their only child, was born. Bill took a job with the 1972 McGovern campaign and was chosen to lead McGoverns effort in Texas. He worked at the McGovern campaigns local headquarters in Dallas. In Dallas he worked with Ron Kirk (elected twice as the mayor of Dallas), Ann Richards (future governor of Texas) and Steven Spielberg (then an unknown television director and future filmmaker). Early carrier After his graduation from Yale Law School, Bill became a law professor at the University of Arkansas. After this he ran for the House of Representatives. He was beaten by John Paul Hammerschmidt. In 1976, Bill was elected Arkansas Attorney General. After this, Clinton was elected as the 40th Governor of Arkansas in 1978. He defeated the Republican candidate Lynn Lowe. In 1980 Clinton lost the elections from Frank D. White. The next two years Clinton worked on a comeback. He succeeded to become the 42th Governor of Arkansas. He had this position for six periods. In 1992, Clinton made himself selectable for the elections of 1992. The old President George H.W. Bush was seen as unbeatable, because of the victory of the Gulf War. That is also the reason why all kinds of Democrats didnt take part in the elections. During the pre-election, Clinton was up against the other Democrats Jerry Brown and Paul Tsongas. Clinton won the pre-election with the most of the votes. With this he won the nomination of the Democratic Party. He chose Senator Al Gore of Tennessee as his Running mate. Thanks to the bad economy, a tax raise and his charisma, Clinton won together with Al Gore the elections of 1992. The election of Clinton ended twelve years of Republican rule and twenty of the previous twenty-four years. Democrats were given full control of the United States Congress. After the Jimmy Carter presidency in the late 1970s, this was the first time this had taken place. Presidency First term 1993 1997 After Franklin D. Roosevelt, Clinton was the first democrat who was president for two full presidencies. Bill Clinton was inaugurated as the 42th President of the United States on January 20, 1993. He announced his intention to raise taxes to cap the budget deficit. Clinton unveiled his economic plan on February 17, 1993. His plan focused on deficit reduction rather than a middle-class tax cut. When Clinton took office as president of the United States, he signed the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. An act that made large companies to allow employees to take unpaid leave in case of a serious medical problem, pregnancy or when there were problems in the family. This was his first campaign promise he had fulfill. Another campaign promise of his was allowing openly homosexuals to serve in the army. Clinton had criticism from both left an from right. Left because the though Clinton was too tentative in promoting gay rights and right who dont allow homosexuals to serve the army. After a long discussing between Bill Clinton and the Pentagon, they decided to the Dont ask, dont tell policy. So long as homosexuals dont tell that they have feelings for the same gender, they may serve the army. Some advocates for gay rights criticized Clinton that he only made this campaign promise to get more votes, because the thought that he didnt went far enough. Clinton singed also in the law the Brady Bill, on November 30, 1993. This applies a five-day waiting period on the purchases of a handgun. Clinton expanded the Earned Income Tax Credit. This is a subsidy for workers with a low-income. Also during the 90s the Clinton administration pushed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (a public government sponsored enterprise) to support more lending in low-income communities. They also used the Community Reinvestment Act to push banks to do the same. In August 1993, Bill Clinton signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993. This act cuts the taxes for fifteen million families with a low-income, it mad tax cuts available to 90% of small companies and raised the taxes on the wealthiest of the taxpayers. The administration of Clinton launched the first official website of the White House, on October 21, 1994. The website was follow by three other version which result in the final edition, that was launched in 2000. The website was part of a wider movement toward communication were web-based. It opened the American government to more of the American people than ever before. Bill Clinton supported the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) by the Senate. He strongly supported free trade measures and most of his Democratic Leadership Committee allies, however there were a lot of disagreements in the party itself. The treat was confirmed by the Senate and was signed into the law on January 1, 1994. Between 1992 and 1994 the Democrats had a big influence. But during the mid-term elections of 1994, they lost the majority in the White House and the Senate. This was the first time in 40 years. The important reason for this was the failed attempt from Hillary Clinton to create an universal coverage using a national health care reform plan. This was the first major defeat of Clintons administration. To reduce illegal immigration, Clinton signed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act. The U.S Commission on Immigration Reform wants to reduce legal immigration to about 550.000 a year. In 1997 Senators Ted Kennedy and Orrin Hatch teamed up with Hillary Clinton and her staff to form the Childrens Health Insurance Program and they succeeded. Hillary also caused that the Adoption and Safe Families Act went through the Congress and two years later she succeeded in passing the Foster Care Independence Act. The President supported both. Second term 1997-2001

Time in Thomas’ Fern Hill and Cummings’ anyone lived in a pretty how to

"Historically speaking,†¦time is lost; poetically speaking,†¦time is regained in the act of visionary creation" (Crewe 400). Poetry allows for the capture of a moment in time otherwise lost in the blink of an eye. British poet Dylan Thomas and American poet E.E. Cummings have both been noted for the recurring themes of passage of time in their poetry. In Thomas’ "Fern Hill" and Cummings’ "anyone lived in a pretty how town," both modern poets utilize a juxtaposition of paradoxes to express the irrevocable passage of time and the loss of innocence attributed to it. While Thomas projects his mature feelings into a nostalgic site of his childhood, Cummings takes a more detached approach by telling a seemingly trivial, paradoxical story of "noone" and "anyone," which through negation tells a universal life story. "Fern Hill" is a personal account, Thomas’ nostalgic revisit to a place where as a child he had spent time with his aunt. Through this sentimental revisit, he comes to realize the inevitable passage of time and a resulting loss of innocence. The poem was actually triggered by his visits to Fern Hill as an adult during a time of war. After Thomas’s hometown Swansea in Wales was bombed by the Nazi air campaign against Great Britain, Thomas’ parents moved out to their cottage near the farm of Fernhill. "[Thomas’] visits to his parents during the war triggered the memories of the happy Edenic times when he was young and thoughts of war were still distant" (Miller 99). In this poem, he revisits both his own childhood, and ,symbolically, the childhood and prewar innocence of his country. "Anyone lived in a pretty how town," is less personal. A love story made trivial through the use of "noone" and "anyone," this poem plays ... ...icking of the social clock becomes almost deafening. Works Cited Cox, C.B. "Dylan Thomas’s ‘Fern Hill’." The Critical Quarterly. 1 (1959): 134-38. Crewe, J.V. "The Poetry of Dylan Thomas." Theoria. Pietermaritzburg, Vol.XXXVIII 1972: 65-83. Davidow, Mary C. "Journey from Apple Orchard to Swallow Thronged Loft: ‘Fern Hill’." English Journal 58 (1969): 78-81. Kidder, Rushworth M. E.E. Cummings: An Introduction to the Poetry. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979. Miller, Tyrus. "Essay for Poetry for Students." Gale (1998). Rotella, Guy. "Nature, Time, and Transcendence in Cummings’ Later poems." Critical Essays on E.E. Cummings G.K. Hall & Co., 1984. 283-302. Turco, Lewis. "Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town." Masterplots II. Wegner, Robert E. The Poetry and Prose of E.E. Cummings. New York: Hartcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1965.

Drama coursework †Response Essay

Introduction In our group we came up with lots of similarities in our thought showers. A lot of us described the Witches the same as in the green faces, long noses warts & spots, and there broom sticks. Some differences that our group came up with is that a few of us thought of modern witches, as in a normal human being look but with witch features, instead of black cats a lot of our group wrote different pet names. Our mind has been influenced about the topic by many things e.g. the media’s outlook on a stereotypical witch, children’s stories also portray witches with the green faces big hats etc. which means movies portray it like this. Also from the image created by our ancestors where the apparent witches were being burnt at the stake. Macbeth extract: focusing on the ‘outsider’ This role-play brought about issues such as how society today fears outsiders. How society today is divided into different groups, such as Goths / punks / gangster and take different paths in life. We fear the outsiders of society because we fail to understand the logic behind their culture / background. This also brings about racism / religion clashes. In the olden days most of the fear was based around witches because they were conveyed as the biggest outsiders. The storyline of our role-play was about a gothic boy who was feared & isolated from family & school because of being a Goth. We started the role play with Steven (the gothic boy) being in a school photo where is he is isolated from the rest of the school and then we went into his home life where his parents & siblings make jokes about his appearance and his way of life. We ended the play with a twist, where Steven was with all his gothic friends and his little brother (Aaron Tovee) walks past Steven and his group of gothic friends and is mocked for being what society would call â€Å"normal† and he is then conveyed as the outsider. We showed isolation in this play from the very first scene. In the first scene we had school photos were Steven (the outsider) was separated a foot away from the rest of the school that were huddled together for the photo. We portrayed an even bigger sense of frustration & isolation by this when the photographer asks Steven to step in the photo and the group moves away from him. The photographer blames Steven and again snaps at Steven to move into the photo. We did this to show how normal society blames the outsider, as if it was just easier to do so. We also showed isolation at the dinner table of Stevens’s family-home. We showed this by having all his siblings laugh and snigger at him and make comments like â€Å"drink blood† because of his gothic background. We ended that scene with Stevens father shouting at Steven telling him he’s not welcome in the home for kicking his sibling under the table (for making the comments) and telling him to get out and hang around with ‘his own kind.’ This made the whole idea of isolation seem a lot more effective because even his father, he whom he should be very close with, kicks him out of the house belting abuse at the top of his voice just because he is a Goth. We also ended our role-play with a twist on the sense of isolation where Steven is with a group of his Goth friends when his little brother walks past and his little brother feels isolated and afraid because he is the outsider there. The crucible Some similarities of ideas that we had on the idea of witchcraft from this stimuli went along the lines of how accusations were so quickly thrown around in the courtroom, and how everyone believed someone who was called a witch. Most people also thought that it was a fairly racist time and that’s why if you was black like the maid in the stimuli the blame was easily put on you. Some differences on the stimuli were about how the accused always showed a sense of fear. How society was so gullible and why the lies were started. In our role play we showed the accusation by the same sort of scene as the stimuli. We had it set in a court-room in the olden times whereas the judge’s verdict was the final, and punishment was death / something incorporating pain. We built hysteria in our role-play by levelling up the amount of volume in the courtroom until it was mayhem and chaos with everyone throwing accusations of being a witch to the accused. We marked the moment where the defence is getting shouted at and abused really badly and she gets up and accuses a man from the courtroom audience. We did this by building up the hysteria with everyone standing up shocked, and built up amount of noise slowly to a really loud volume and then when she got up and said â€Å"It’s him!† we silenced the courtroom immediately so it was just a big awkward silence. Studying this stimulus helped us understand the context at the time because it showed how gullible society was at that time period. An example of this is the fact that everyone believed that a person was a witch just by someone else’s word. The stimulus also shows that there was a big thing about racism in that time. An example of this is where the black woman was blamed for being the witch and beat brutally, the accusation was easily accepted by society because of the colour of her skin. Forum Theatre. Our class used forum theatre through studying a news article about a woman sacrificing her two babies to Satan. We then used this as a stimulus and did a whole-class courtroom drama, where we would switch places (defence, prosecution, judge, witnesses etc) This was useful to use because it made you think on the spot about the subject and it also improved your improvisation skills. Using the court-room drama attached with forum theatre was very useful because reading about just the sacrifice gave you a biased opinion about what really happened. But when we used the courtroom drama we had to act as defence as well so you started thinking about both sides of the story, and maybe reasons for why they did it. When playing the witnesses it also opened up that it might not just affect the family it could also affect other people around too. Conclusion My understanding of the topic has developed through studying the different stimuli a lot because you start to realise that witchcraft isn’t all fairytales and children’s books. It can be portrayed through children’s theatre, but also relate to serious events such as when the babies were sacrificed by the mother to Satan and such. Studying the different stimuli in different times and cultures developed our Understanding a lot too because you can see that not along ago was it that people actually were killed for being accused of witches, and everything was done through religion, and people believed in God strongly. You can see that science has developed through the ages and changed the thoughts of people today drastically through things such as the theory of evolution, which puts people in 2 minds about the creation of mankind, and even questions religion. Therefore people aren’t willing to believe things like witchcraft anymore as it has become abnormal for us to comprehend supernatural things.

Gandhi essays

Gandhi essays Global Culture and Issues Arts for Peace and Justice Even the most powerful cannot rule without the cooperation of the rule. M. Gandhi This statement is telling all of India that only through submission will they continue to be under Great Britains rule. The statement itself seems so simple, but if you consider the consequences you then realize how powerful the statement really is. Gandhi is telling all of India that they are responsible for allowing Britain to continue as rulers. Every time they adhere to Britains law they are accepting Britains rule. What makes the statement even more powerful is the understanding that Gandhi wanted the people to peacefully refuse to cooperate. To refuse to comply with Britains law without retaliation of any kind. This is why the statement is so powerful, and I agree with it. Can you imagine going to war with someone without any type of weapons or ammunition? This is exactly what Gandhi wanted, no expected, the people of India to do. He knew that India could never hope to win back their country by using violence. Britain was too powerful and had too many soldiers that were trained for war. Gandhi also did not believe in violence for any reason. His main goal was to win back their country through peaceful means, even if he had to die to achieve the victory. When you think about Gandhis achievement of convincing a whole country to fight by not submitting to laws set forth by Britain through peaceful means, is just astounding. It is impossible to rule anything or anyone without them allowing you to do it. Gandhi was trying to make all of India understand that without their cooperation, there were no rulers. His biggest challenge was to get the people to agree to do this without any use of violence. It was extremely hard for the people to comprehend that they were to accept whatever punishment the British would d ...

Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Children essays

Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Children essays The Effects of Parental Alcoholism on Children Until rather recently, the impact of alcoholism was measured by its effect on the alcoholic, by days lost from work and highway fatalities. New research, however, has tended to concentrate on the impact of alcoholism on the family, especially the children of alcoholics. Numerous studies have reported on the familial transmission of alcoholism. It has been shown that alcoholics have more biological relatives with an alcohol problem than do nonalcoholic. Furthermore, these people have a higher probability for developing alcoholism earlier in their lives; and experiencing more severe effects of alcoholism There are in the vicinity of twenty million children under eighteen years of age whom are growing up in households where one or both parents are alcoholic, in the United States alone. These children are the unwilling victims of a disease which generally is the center of their childhood existence, and therefore shapes their personality and behavior as adults. Because of the familial nature of alcoholism children have been identified to be of high risk for developing this illness (Merikangas p.199). Unless something is done to break the patterns initiated during childhood, a significant percentage, (between 50%-60%), of those who dont become alcoholics themselves will marry an alcoholic upon reaching maturity, thereby continuing the cycle of abuse and depression. Studies of the development of drinking behavior recognize the formation of socially appropriate rules about the use of alcohol and the role of the parent behaviors and attitudes in determining drinking patterns (Wilks Clustering of depression, alcoholism and antisocial personality within families has been frequently observed (Merikangas p.199). Alcoholism is a disease of denial, that is, t...

Art, Science and Technology ( A Cabinet of Curiosities ) Essay

Art, Science and Technology ( A Cabinet of Curiosities ) - Essay Example This can be found in the Weisman Art Museum on the East Bank. While the title of this piece is Silent Music, it looks to me like a bookshelf with different shapes in each cell. Five of the objects I chose for my cabinet of curiosities may be grouped under the heading of â€Å"modernizing the traditional.† This is a suitable heading because these objects are based on traditional human tools which have played a specific function in human development. These objects have been modernized to portray a superfluous modern aesthetic which is entirely unnecessary for the object to function. The black hat, found in the Goldstein Museum has the same traditional function of all hats: it covers the head for warmth and protection. What makes this piece unique is the height, texture and shape. While a stocking cap would perform the same function as this beaver hat, this piece could be worn as a representation of social status, wealth or culture. Muslim males wear hats similar to this called Songkoks to social functions like weddings or funerals. New World fur traders may have worn these hats as evidence of their trade. The cultural significance of the Songkok or Fr ench beaver pelt overshadow the traditional role of other hats. The Eyeglass Sketches also have a traditional function which has been styled and designed. These glasses retain their function as medical devices that help humans see, but the superfluous aesthetic which makes a wearer look like Buddy Holly is a modern addition. Silent Music VII completely loses its function as a series of shelves because of the decorative contents of each box. The shapes which each shelf contains function provide an aesthetic touch which renders the actual shelves useless. The X-Ray tube is also robbed of its functionality because it exists outside of a medical center. It is not plugged in and it is not in the hands of medical professionals or physicists. Even though the tube is

Sky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sky - Essay Example Ltd, a Chinese car manufacturer that wishes to expand its business internationally with the help of mergers and acquisitions with existing company in host country. For the company, I suggest a business expansion in Mexico country through merger with Mastretta, a Mexican car manufacturer. This company established in 1987 and produced self-developed cars and sports cars with the help of experienced engineers and designers of Mexico. On the other hand, Chery is founded in 1997 and it produced passenger cars, minivans and SUVs (Chery International, 2010). On the basis of output, it is the ninth largest automaker in China. It exports around 25% of total production around the world. The company has various factories in different countries such as Iran, Malaysia, Indonesia, Middle East, Russia, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand and many more that produces Chery vehicles (Chery International, 2010). Now, the company wants to expand its business in Mexico. In this, various reasons to expand business in this country, factors that influence the transfer of business and marketing mix for Mexican market will be discussed. Along with this, environmental analysis of Mexico country will be done with the help of evidence and examples. Analysis In the overseas business expansion, companies has faced various issues regarding different political and economic conditions, cyber risks, corruption, different culture, labor laws, education system, infrastructure and ethics. In order to select a country or location for business expansion, various factors are considered such as commute patterns, infrastructure, land availability and labor availability (Russell and Cohn, 2012). According to these factors, US is best choice but in other countries, company can face issues of changes in government and laws, tax systems, labor cost and labor laws. Along with this, timeline, rights and preservation of workers, incentives, working hours organizational and culture management techniques are different in overseas business expansion. Reasoning Chery, a Chinese car manufacturer company wants to expand its business in Mexico. The company selects this country for business expansion because the automotive industry of Mexico is growing industry. It is attractive for automotive manufacturing companies due to proximity to the US and it is the world’s largest automotive market (Contreras, 2008). Along with this, various automobile companies from US, Japan and Europe shifted their plants in this country to get the benefits of strategic location, low labor cost and NAFTA (Moreno and Kellogg, 1996). The automotive industry in Mexico contributes 18% in manufacturing GDP and creates around 56,000 jobs (ProMexico, 2013). Apart from this, there are various reasons to select this country for business expansion such as: Free trade: This country has more free trade agreements as compared to other countries and USA. For example, Mexico has free trade agreements with EU that is helpful to save 1 0% tariff. Along with this, Central Mexico is the highest growth area for the production of vehicles and it is not only for US and Canadian market but also for global production (Russell and Cohn, 2012). Apart from this, due to suitable business conditions, various automakers announced $7.8 billion of investment in Mexico within two years (See: appendix 1). So, this country is good for the business expansion

Create a dialogue between two people. Describe and critique two Essay

Create a dialogue between two people. Describe and critique two perspectives on morality - Essay Example I believe in utilitarian ethics and I would like to discuss it with you and maybe learn about your moral basis.† Steve was delighted by the topic and replied, â€Å"I have also noted our differences and attributed it to diversity. Discussing our moral values would be important to our interpersonal relationship and will improve our perspective on our environments. I believe in deontology ethics. Could you please tell me about your ethical perspective?† David: â€Å"Utilitarian ethical perspective is based on the concept maximum good to a majority of members of the society (Brooks and Dunn 183). It informs judgment on a act, whether of commission or of omission, based on effects on members of the society and therefore means that morality of an act is determined after members of the society have interacted with the act and its effects, both positive and negative have been observed. The act is then said to be unethical if realized bad effects on members of the society are m ore significant than benefits from the act. It is however considered moral if greater benefits can be derived from it and this identifies two perspectives to determining ethics in an act, the extent of effects on people and the number of people that the act affect. Utilitarianism also relates to decisions whose implementation has effects on people. Rule utilitarianism explains this by offering rules that can lead to maximum good in a society. A decision to restrict a person’s right to smoke in a public place is for example moral under utilitarian ethics because while it may infringe the smoker’s need and may be cause distress, it will be beneficial to many other people I the immediate environment through ensuring clean air and protecting the people’s lives (Kanniyakonil 65- 66).† David: â€Å"I should have been keen to note that your judgments are based on consequentialism. My ethical perspective, deontology, is however a rule based perspective to moral j udgment. The perspective associates morality with duty that is expected of people in a society and is based on social rules. It is different from your ethical perspective because it disregards consequences of an act or a decision. An act that is consistent with established rules is for example considered ethical despite its negative consequence to members of the society and an act that contradicts existing rules and obligations is considered immoral irrespective of the net benefit that in which it results. considering your example of smoking in a public place and suppose that a the society allows people to smoke in public places, then the act of smoking is considered moral regardless of the air pollution and its associated effects on people’s health (Basford and Slevin 214, Showler 21)† David: â€Å"Reliance on rules for judging decisions and actions has the benefits in fair judgment and this is contrary to the scope of your utilitarian approach that also appear to be subjective. One of my concerns with utilitarian approach to ethics is the lack of a suitable measure for benefits and harm of an act. There is no standard measure and this compromises reliability and fairness because some people may be more sensitive than others are while some may exaggerate consequences. It is also difficult to identify population segments that have been affected by an act or a decis

Understand the role of the Social Care Worker Essay Example for Free

Understand the role of the Social Care Worker Essay Ai: Three differences between a working relationship and a personal relationship are: A working relationship is a relationship that remains professional within the workplace where as a personal relationship you may spend time with someone out of work hours. A personal relationship is a relationship in which information sharing is unlimited yet a working relationship information sharing is on a need to know basis with colleagues, residents and other professionals. A personal relationship is one of choice with someone you like and share common interests where as a working relationship may be with someone you may not usually be friends with but have to form a team with that person and work under certain rules. Aii: One example of a working relationship in an adult social care setting is the relationship between carer and resident. This relationship is important as you need to maintain a professional duty of care. Another example would be between the senior in charge and the G.P. When a G.P comes to see a resident that is poorly they are relying on the carers and the senior in charge to inform them of any changes in that resident so they need to be professional at all times. Aiii: It is important that social care workers work in partnership with individuals using the service and their families because we all have a common interest in doing whats best for the individual and keeping them from harm. The service user is there because they may not have someone that can look after them the way they need therefore involving families and help to improve the way you care for them. For example, you might think that â€Å"Doris† may like going to bed at 10pm every night but is always very tired during the day after getting up at 7am. The family can tell you that in fact â€Å"Doris† used to go to bed at 9pm and likes getting up at 8am when she was at home. It is  essential to establish and maintain a good working relationship with family as they can also help to overcome any communication issues you may have with that service user and also find out their preferences for food choices. It’s all about person centered care. The resident is less open to abuse as there are clear boundaries and expectations of the social care workers relationship. Aiv: Three ways of working that can help improve partnership working are: Involve the resident in all decision making regarding their care plans for example what time they like to go bed, whether they prefer a bath or shower and if they like to go out on planned outings Give them a choice at meal times and what they would like to wear that day Try to promote their independence by giving them as much do to by themselves as possible for them without allowing them to struggle and that someone is there if they need a hand. Av: When people with different views, skills and expertise work together there may be disagreements about the best way forward. Here is five different skills or approaches that may help resolve conflict. 1.By listening to each side may help you and others see that your way may or not be the best way 2.By compromising you can figure out the best outcome by thinking about all possible solutions 3.Stay calm. If you start to lose your temper than the problem isnt going to get resolved 4.Communication is key. By talking it through you all may come up with a suitable solution as a team 5.By using a person centered approach everyone has the residents best interests at heart. Avi: Two ways in which you could obtain support and advice about working in partnership and resolving conflicts are by talking to colleagues and senior members of staff. They may have more experience and knowledge when dealing with conflicts or partnership working. The manager can help you by offering a professional solution to conflicts and follow the complaints procedure. If necessary the manager will enable you to access conflict management training or any other training that may be relevant. Task B Bi: Agreed ways of working means: That you should keep up to date with legislation Follow policies and procedures Work within your job description Work within your code of conduct Work in line with care standards Bii: Its important to have up to date details regarding the agreed ways of working because if a piece of legislation changes, as they do quite regularly, you need to know what is expected of you. When I was pregnant in order to keep myself, my colleagues and the residents safe my job description changed slightly and my new agreed ways of working were updated regularly. These changed back when I returned to work after having the baby. Biii: Where I am not trained in giving medication if I was to carry out this task I would be liable if something was to go wrong. I do not carry out tasks that are not within my job description and that i have not been trained in as these are not within my agreed ways of working. Its important to follow these guidelines so that I do not cause harm to myself, my colleagues or the residents.

Insulin and Erythropoietin Production

Insulin and Erythropoietin Production Insulin is a protein (polypeptide) discovered in 1921 by Banting with the pancreas being the site of its production. It is made up of 51 amino acids, divided into 2 chains; A and B, bonded by disulfide linkages. Chain A is made up of 21 amino acids with an intra-disulphide linkage, while chain B is made up of 30 amino acids (4). Why Insulin? Insulin is important in glucose metabolism, and is being used for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus; a metabolic disorder of glucose in the body. Initially, Insulin from animals was used to treat this disorder however nowadays synthesized human Insulin is being used, this is because; it is fast absorbed by the body, it has less allergic reactions, it contains less impurities, and it produces good results (3). Recombinant process of producing Insulin Synthetic Insulin was first produced in 1983 through genetic Engineering, which involve extraction of the human DNA (1), once extracted, the gene for Insulin is isolated, and enzymes are used to cut it. The gene is then cut using enzymes and put into the plasmid of a vector, where in most cases E. coli plasmid is used. Since Insulin contains two chains, two pieces of DNA are extracted, and the genes for the two chains are linked to ÃŽ ² galactosidase enzyme of the bacteria. The plasmids formed are then inserted into a host cell E. coli and sealed using another enzyme called ligase. And the host on replicating produces the enzymes each containing one of the two chains each. Production is followed by extracting and purifying the chains which are mixed in a reaction to reconstitute the disulphide bridges (1). ESCHERICHIA COLI AS RECOMBINANT INSULIN HOST Entero-bacillus, gram-negative E. coli is about 1 2ÃŽ ¼m, it can survive in the presence/absence of oxygen, and it also grows in an optimum pH and temperature of 7.0 and 37oC respectively. It utilizes glucose as its major carbon source and can also use other carbon sources like pyruvate, glycerol, acetate, and other sugars. K-12 and B strains are mostly used in the laboratory (20) Reasons for choosing E. coli Genetic Engineering technologies were developed using E. coli as a role organism, and so, the genetics of E. coli are well known among other microorganisms, as such its the most used organism for the production of different proteins (14). Moreover E. coli has a well known safety and production abilities, stable plasmid, controllable promoter, cheaper and easily cultured (6), E. coli also has fast growth rate, its easy to handle, and has well known fermentation skills and the ability to produce high protein content (14). That is why most of the proteins licensed recently by FDA and EMEA, were produced in E. coli (5). With these, and the fact that Insulin is a simple polypeptide (protein) which does not require glycosylation for its bioactivity and stability, E. coli carrying the plasmids for production of insulin will be used as the host for the production of Insulin Strain and plasmids: BL21 strain containing the pMYW-A and pMYW-B plasmids and temperature repressor ÃŽ »-c1857, will be used for insulin production (21). Growth strategy The various growth strategies that will be used to grow E. coli in order to make it happy and produce the desired product (11) include: Medium: E. coli needs nutrients like carbon, nitrogen and others; thus a carbon source; glycerol will be provided since its cheaper and more soluble than glucose (12), a source of nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulphate will also be provided. However such nutrients in large quantities can inhibit the growth of E. coli, as such a defined medium that contain optimum concentrations 20gl-1 glycerol and 2gl-1 ammonium sulphate will be used (11). The medium will also consist of the following; 3gl-1 KH2PO4, 1gl-1 MgSO4.7H2O, 0.8gl-1 citrate, and 6gl-1 K2HPO4 (23). Some trace elements will also be added to the medium. (23) Process and culture-strategies: E. coli will be grown submerged in a sterile controlled stirred tank reactor, and fed-batch will be used as the growth strategy so as to avoid accumulation of acetate which can be inhibits its growth, and reduce the production of the insulin (18). The growth strategy will be divided into two; initially batch mode will be used to initiate growth, after which the fed-batch exponential feeding will be used to produce the insulin (21). After adapting the medium and feeding method, oxygen transfer rates (OTRs) had to be increased through a suitable bioreactor design and over-head pressure (16). Large scale reactors usually reach high ORTs using air and normal aeration pressure, and so the oxygen partial pressure (pO2) will be increased by adding pure oxygen to the air-stream entering the reactor, thus increasing its oxygen transfer rates (16) DO will be maintained at 40% of air saturation and aeration rate at 1vvm. Foaming arising due to large number of cells and high aeration-rates will be solved by use of impellers for stirring simultaneously at 300rpm and the use of antifoam (ucolub N115) (16, 21). The process temperature and pH will be maintained at 30oC and 6.8 respectively so as to avoid partial proteolysis of the insulin protein. Bioreactor Design: Bioreactor vessel is usually cylindrical and made up of stainless steel. It is composed of impeller for stirring, Air sparger is placed at the bottom of the vessel for introduction of air, it has some inlets for introduction of acid/alkali for pH control and also for introduction of antifoams, nutrients and inoculum; It is also has pH, DO and temperature probes for sensing (22), Microbial activity during fermentation usually produces heat, so the bioreactor design must allow for removal of heat, and this can be achieved by cooling with jackets and coils (16) Bioreactors must also be designed in a way that it can withstand high temperature and pressure and to allow cleaning-up and sterilizing (22). Growth analysis Temperature, pH, DO, foam, partial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures, will be analysed on-line, other parameters like biomass, will be analysed by using optical density (OD600) and dry cell weight (offline). Cell viability will be analysed by using flow cytometry, the concentrations of substrates and metabolites by enzymatic methods while insulin will be analysed using electrophoresis methods like SDS-PAGE, and ELISA, while its purity will be determined by HPLC (8). Limitations/Problems There are several problems that may arise during processing and can limit the use of this organism for Insulin production, these are; Poor secretion because of the structure of its membrane (and tough cell wall), small amount of foldases, chaperones and increased concentrations of proteases, leading to low productivity (7). Solutions to this problem include all measures taken to increase quality of secretion and production such as: Use of secretion systems like the system of ÃŽ ±-haemolysin (7) co-expression after co-cloning of foldases and chaperones (13) Improving the rates of gene-expression and using proteases deficient mutants like BL21 (18). use of E. coli mutants that are deficient of cell-wall (12) Limited post translational-modifications; including disulfide-linkage formation, which is important for the insulin stability and biological activity (9). Solutions to this problem include; Production of insulin with altered amino acid sequences through genetic engineering (9) Using E. coli mutants to enhance the formation of disulfide linkages e.g. Origami (15) iii. Exporting proteins into the periplasm which has disulphide bonding mechanisms (19). Codon biases; due to large quantities of exact transfer-RNAs found in E. coli, the codons in the human-genes are often different from those that are found in this organism. This results in inefficient expression of some of these rare codons by the organism resulting in an unexpected protein synthesis termination or wrong incorporation of the amino acids (12). This problem can be solved by replacing codons that are rare in the desired gene by codons that are often found in the E. coli and by co-expressing the rare transfer-RNAs (15). Acetate is usually formed as a by-product, and is inhibitory to growth of the cells (20). Solution is by using a fed-batch feeding method and by limiting DO level (11). Another problem is that large proteins are often obtained in an insoluble form (5); forming aggregates called inclusion bodies; IBs (20). This can be solved by adjustment of temperature, increasing the strength of the promoter, adjusting the number of plasmids, concentrations of the inducer, and the composition of the media (9). Erythropoietin EPO EPO is a glycoprotein that is produced in the renal cortex of the kidney (10, 11). It has also being shown to be present in the brain, spleen, liver and the lungs (7, 17). It is made up of 165 amino acids of about 18kDa (25), with a number of carbohydrates linked to the polypeptide through O and N glycosidic-bonds giving the glycoprotein a total weight of 34kDa.Two disulphide linkages hold the molecule together (15) and the carbohydrates are responsible for the stability of the glycoprotein in-vivo,and increasing its half-life in the body (24). Why EPO? EPO functions to regulate the amount of red blood cells (RBC) in the blood by controlling the proliferation and differentiation of its immature cells to mature cells (1, 2, 22,). It is also involved in the growth and formation of blood vessels, and healing of wounds (6), it functions in the brain is not clear, but studies showed the glycoprotein to have some protective effects (18). Because of these functions EPO has being used in the treatment of anaemia caused by kidney failure and other causes (25). Recombinant production of EPO Despite its importance, EPO in body is found in very small amounts and mostly in the urine (4), as such there is the requirement to produce EPO in large amounts, this leads to the work of isolating the glycoprotein from the urine (12, 21), and was used to identify its amino acid sequences, and synthesis of its DNA (9, 12), furthermore the human erythropoietin genes were cloned by Lin et al. (17), and consequently recombinant human EPO (rhuEPO) was produced in 1985 using CHO cells (14, 16). Chinese -Hamster- Ovary (CHO-Cells) as rhuEPO host: These are epithelial cells derived from the ovary of Chinese hamster (a mammal). They grow well in culture and looks like cobble stones. The cells usually attach to a surface available but can be grown in suspension (20). CHO cells are grown best at 37oC and at pH 7.4; they are cultured in a suitable complex medium which can support their growth for many generations (20). CHO cell lines are now available from cell culture collections like the American type culture collection; ATCC. Moreover human EPO expression plasmids are now also commercially available, and are usually used for production of EPO using the CHO cells (27). Reasons for choosing CHO-cells Karthik et al. (13) showed that CHO-cells are being used extensively in the industries for the production of many proteins, because they have demonstrated, to possess some qualities like: They can modify biological products post-translationally; Proteins produce in CHO-cells have high glycosylation quality making them compatible and stable (13) Safety of the product; Studies in 1989 have shown that most viruses do not multiply in CHO-cells (13) Ability to adapt easily and be grown in suspension (13). Products can now be purified to contain less contaminant (13). CHO cells have being used for a long time; as such much data has being accumulated for regulatory reasons (13). They are easy to manipulate genetically (13). The isolation of cells deficient in Dihydrofolate-reductase enzymes leads to stable clones selection and genes amplification to increase production (13). With all these, and the fact that EPO is a glycoprotein that requires glycosylation for its stability and activity, recombinant CHO cells are chosen to produce EPO. Cell lines and plasmids: Cell lines which have the capability of glycosylating proteins (Pro-5), harboring the pGEX-HET-puro expression plasmid, will be used to produce the recombinant human erythropoietin (27). Growth strategy Medium: Complex culture medium will be provided with; Glucose as a source of carbon and energy, Amino acids as source of nitrogen, Salts will be included to make the solution isotonic Vitamins and hormones will be added as co-factors Serum is usually added to the culture medium to enhance the growth of the cell (20), but has the following disadvantages: It chemicals are not defined and can cause cell growth inconsistency between batches (20) It is very expensive (20) The serum may contain proteins which can be difficult to separate and purify from the proteins secreted by the cells during downstream processing (20) It increases foaming and can be a source of contamination by viruses. (20) Therefore a serum-free (SF) media (16) will be used for the growth of the E. coli. Process and culture-strategies: The cells will be grown adherent on micro-carriers in a sterile controlled packed bed reactor, and perfusion method of production where some amounts of the medium is removed and replaced by fresh one and the cells are grown slowly will be used (28); because it was found to improve the glycosylation of the proteins more than fed-batch where there is fast growth of cells, (8). Before, many processes were run in a simple batch method, but nowadays, Perfusion or fed-batch methods are mostly employed and higher products are now realized (22). The production will be carried out in two stages; the growth stage and the production stage. Normally stirring will be kept at 100 to 150 rpm, foaming will be avoided by adding Pluronic F68 (16).Temperature will be maintained at 37oC initially during growth and then reduced to 33oC during production, as was shown to increase the overall protein production, while maintaining the quality of the glycoprotein (3, 26). pH w ill be kept at 7.1 initially and then reduced to 6.8 (8, 26), by passing CO2 gas to the culture or by addition of concentrated sodium-bicarbonate solution in low quantities, because CO2 is also toxic to the cells and can also affect the production of EPO (20). In order to avoid the depletion of oxygen, the oxygen transfer rates (OTRs) will be increased above its utilization rate, with a constant supply of pure oxygen and air, while DO will be maintained at 20-50% of air saturation (20). Bioreactor Design: Since the cells are big and fragile, the design of the bioreactor has to be considered. Mammalian cell culture bioreactors are designed with bottoms that are round and are usually made up of glass/stainless steel (20). The impellers are usually marine or pitched blade types fitted at the end of mechanical drives shafts so that both vertical and horizontal mixing are allowed at low stirring-rates (20). Temperature is controlled through coiled pipes or open ended fermenter jacket (20). pH, DO and temperature probes are used for sensing and have both air inlet and outlet for respiration. Growth Analysis Temperature, pH and DO will be monitored on-line, because cells are immobilized, biomass formed cannot be measured directly therefore it will be monitored by measuring rate of glucose consumed daily and the rate of lactate produced (28) Cell viability by flow cytometry, Glucose, glutamine, and lactate concentrations will be analysed using multi-parameter Bio-analytical system (26); while ammonia formed as waste product of amino acid metabolism, will be analysed by colorimetric assay and by the use of detection-kit (26). EPO formed will be analysed using HPLC to determine its purity and its quality by Isoelectric focusing, SDS, and Bradford assay (26). The activity of EPO will be analysed by bioassay and by the use of protein assay-kit (27) Limitations/Problems. There are many limitations associated with CHO cells culture processes and they include; They are fragile and highly sensitive to shear stress caused by agitation and bubble because the cells are large and have only cell membrane (20). This is usually solved using a suitable bioreactor-design and use of Pluronic F68 (20). They need a complex medium including serum which can cause problems in the downstream processing and is expensive (20). Solution to this is by using serum- free media (24, 25). Low yield of proteins have been produced from these cells, the productivity using the microbes being higher than the use of these cells. They also have slow growth rates (13). The problem of low productivity and slow growth rates can be solved through selecting cell lines that are better and optimizing cultural-strategies. Ammonia and lactate are generated during growth and can inhibit growth and also affect glycosylation (8). Solution is by optimizing the strategies of feeding and by monitoring (8). Glycosylation differences may arise from the EPO produced in the CHO-cells and the human EPO as seen in the way the two are sialylated terminally, as a result that the CHO-cells are not able to express an enzyme called alpha-2,6, sialyltransferase (27). Solution is by the use of CHO-cells harboring alpha-2, 6, sialyltransferase-cDNA expression-cassettes (27). REFERENCES: 1. Alcamo, I., DNA Technology; the Awesome-Skill. Farming-dale. New York: Academic Press. (2001). 2. Banting Grolier Electronic publishing www.littletree.com.au/dna.htm accessed on 30/12/2010 3. Carbs information, www.carb-information.com/insulin-synthetic.htm accessed on 30/12/ 2010. 4. Charce, R.E., and Frank, B.H., Research, Production and Safety of Biosynthetic Human Insulin. (1993). www.littletree.com.au/dna.htm accessed on 30/12/2010. 5. Ferrer-Miralles N. Domingo-Espà ­n, J. Corchero, J.L. Và ¡zquez, E. and Villaverde, A. Microb. fact. for recombinant pharmaceuticals, Microbial factories , 8:17, 2009. 6. Fox, S. Improved processes and new capacity for pipeline to commercial production. Biopharmaceutical contract manufacturing, Volume 1 (report). High Tech Business Decisions: San Jose, CA. 2005 7. Genschev, I., Dietrich, G., Goebel, W.,The E. coli alpha-hemolysin secretion system and its use in vaccine development. Trends Microbiol. 10: 39-45. 2002 8. Hewitt C.J., Nebe-von Caron G., Axelsson B., McFarlane C.M, Nienow A.W Studies related to the scale-up of high-cell-density E. coli fed-batch fermentations using multi-parameter flow cytometry: effect of a changing microenvironment with respect to glucose and dissolved oxygen concentration. Biotech. Bioeng. 70: 381-390. 2000 9. Hite P.F, Barnes A.M.J.P.E. Exhuberance over Exubera. Clinical Diabetes 24: 110-114. 2006. 10. Jana, S., Deb, J.K. Strategies for efficient production of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech. 67: 289-29. 2005. 11. Joseph S., and Raphael F., growing E. coli to high- cell density-A historical perspective on method development Biotech. Advances 23: 345-357 2005. 12. Korz D.J, Rinas U., Hellmuth K, Sanders E.A, Deckwer W.D. Simple fed-batch technique for high cell density cultivation of E. coli. J Biotechnology, 39: 56-65. 1995. 13. Kujau, M.J., Hoischen, C., Riesenberg, D., Gumpert, J. Expression and secretion of functional mini-antibodies McPC603scFvDhlx in cell-wall-less L-form strains of Proteus mirabilis and E. coli: a comparison of the synthesis capacities of L-form strains with E. coli producer strain. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech. 49: 51-58. 1998. 14. Lund, P.A. Microbial molecular chaperones. Advanc. Microbiol. Physiol. 44: 93-140. 2001 15. Makrides S.C. Strategies for achieving high-level expression of genes in Escherichia coli. Microbiol. Rev. 60: 512-5388. 1996. 16. Meyer, H.P. Brass, J. Jungo, C. Klein, J. Wenger, J. and Mommer, R. an emerging Star for Therapeutic and Catalytic Protein Production. Bioprocess International. 2008. 17. Nacelle, G. J. V. and Coppel, R. L. Reshaping Life; Key Issues in Genetic Engineering, Novo-Nordisk Promotional Brochure. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 1989. 18. Schmidt, F.R. Recombinant expression systems in pharmaceutical industry. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech. 65:363-37. 2004. 19. Wacker M., Linton D., Hitchen P.G., Nita-Lazar M., Haslam, S.M., North, S.J., Panico M., Morris H.R., Dell A., Wren, B.W., Aeb, M. N-linked glycosylation in Campylobacter jejuni and its functional transfer into E. coli. Science 298:1790-1793. 2002. 20. Demain, L. A., and Vaishnav, P. Production of recombinant proteins by microbes and higher organisms. Biotech.Advan. 27: 297-306. 2009. 21. Schmidt, M., Raman Babu, K., Khanna, N., Marten, S., Rinas, U., Temperature- induced production of recombinant human insulin in high cell density culture of recombinant Escherichia Coli. Journal of Biotech. 68:71-83. 1999. 22. Ratledge, C. and Kristiansen, B. Basic biotechnology. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. 2001. 23. Tabandeh, F., Shojaosadati, S.A., Zomorodipour, A., Khodabandeh, M., Sanati, M.H., Yakhchali, B. Heat induced production of human growth hormone by high cell density cultivation of recombinant E. coli. Biotech. Letters. 26: 245-250. 2004.

The Stoic Tradition Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays

The Stoic Tradition In the approximate year of 320 B.C., one could be walking down the street with a high probability of passing a house where several men would be gathered out on the porch. It is likely that this was a gathering of individuals discussing philosophy. The gatherings became a more common occurrence, and since they would take place out on the porches, the school of philosophy derived from them takes its name from the Greek stoa, or porch. The ideology of that movement is henceforth known as Stoicism. Also, the Stoics have come to use the statement made by Socrates as the cornerstone of their judgments, being that "no harm can come to a good man." However, this concept is taken a bit further by the Stoics, as they deduce it to symbolize the eventually complete rejection of worldly things. These things they also deem "things which cannot be controlled." The current inquiry considers some of the chief notions of the Stoics, but more specifically it focuses upon one important question: what does it mean to follow nature for the Stoics? To answer this question, the testimonies of several of the Stoics are pooled and examined together in the end. Not only does this inquisition illustrate chief attributes of Stoicism, but those attributes are eventually evaluated in light of their coherence as well. One of the main ideas which form part of the answer as to what it means to follow nature for the Stoics is the following of an intended trajectory. As the oak tree strives to achieve its natural form of the best oak tree that it can become, it is upon its natural trajectory of reaching its potential. So too, borrowing from Aristotle, humans have the potential of becoming excellent in their own right through... ...become cattle. This position forms a contradiction between the endeavor to attain human excellence, become a noble being, and the want to give back. This position is, once again, not human. For one cannot become the best possible oak tree and at the same time reach the highest possible potential of a human being. One is either human, or a plant. Works Cited Aurelius, Marcus. "Meditations." Ancient Philosophy. 3rd Ed. Philosophic Classics, vols. 1. Baird, Forrest E., and Walter Kaufman. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000. Epictetus. "Encheiridion." Ancient Philosophy. 31 Ed. Philosophic Classics, vols. 1. Baird, Forrest E., and Walter Kaufman. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000. Plato. "Apology." Ancient Philosophy. 3rd Ed. Philosophic Classics, vols. 1. Baird, Forrest E., and Walter Kaufman. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000. 82-100.

His Talk, Her Talk

It is no secret that men and women have marriage problems. A big source of that happens to be communication issues. Men tend to not be interested in what the women wants to talk about. Same goes with women, they may not be as interested in male conversations or men do not give as much detail as the women would like. That is why many are attending marriage counseling. For couples in marriage counseling a good essay to read is â€Å"His talk, her talk†, by Joyce Maynard. It talks about how there are different ways men and women talk. Males tend to talk about general things and skip details.Females will usually talk about a certain topic and stay on it. Men will usually just skip from topic to topic. Another essay that would be a good read is â€Å"Man to man, women to women†, by Mark A. Sherman and Adelaide Hags. They talk about how males and females talk about different things. Women tend to talk about kids, jobs, husbands and other female things. Men will usually just s tick to sports, work, and anything else that happens to be in their surroundings, as in anything that happens to be on the news. So men and women differ in conversation.The essay I would most recommend would be â€Å"His talk, her talk†, by Joyce Maynard. It basically states that it is okay for a husband and wife do not have the most in common when it comes to conversations. Women and men talk about different things. The other spouse is just supposed to accept that. That would help others open their eyes. In conclusion both essays are good, but that is the one I would recommend. The one bad thing about it is that it is from one women’s perspective. One situation does not speak for everyone. However it does speak for the majority. So it would help many couples in marriage counseling.